With MOSS 2007, after inserting a document library web part, you can select a specific view to use for this web part (same for other list web parts).
However I found that once the web part is created, the changes made to that view will not be automatically reflected in the web part. You have to go back to the edit properties window of the web part and re-select the view. It looks like the web part creates a local “instance” of the view definition.
